Health care professionals are encouraged to check the approved Product label/ product information or Fact Sheets for the vaccine in their country for safety information specific to the vaccines they are administering. Of the three articles by Chinese authors, Liu et al. 2), 127136. Populations in clinical trials should include a range of age groups and people with co-morbidities. Early results indicate that protection against serious illness or death is maintained for many months or longer after a third vaccination, and at present, there is not a widespread view that a fourth vaccination (second booster) is required to maintain immunity, except for in people who are immunocompromised. This virus has reached many countries and has paralyzed the lives of many people who have been forced to stay at home in confinement. The disease mainly attacks people over 70 years old and only 0.3% of children in countries where there have been more deaths (for example, Spain). Available online at: https://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/notes/briefing_20100610/es/ (accessed May 16, 2020). Much of this coverage has taken place through mass and social media. A: Although pregnant women were not deliberately included in the clinical trials of the COVID-19 vaccines, since the roll out of the vaccines in December 2020 there has been significant experience (particularly with the mRNA vaccines) on COVID-19 vaccination and pregnancy outcomes. This is the reason why our study can serve as a starting point or theoretical foundation for further studies. (2020). Myocarditis has most often been reported after the second dose in 12 to 17 year old boys and men under 30. Experience to date with the mRNA vaccines approved for paediatric use is that they are well-tolerated vaccines; where side effects occur, they are generally mild with pain, swelling, and redness at the vaccination site being the most commonly reported side effect. These results may be useful for future studies that seek to expand the information according to the evolution of the pandemic. The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented level of public interest in vaccines. Neutralising antibody titres may be a suitable primary endpoint to predict vaccine effectiveness. Sotos-Prieto, M., Prieto, J., Manera, M., Baladia, E., Martnez-Rodrguez, R., and Basulto, J. Globally, the public can have confidence in the rigour of the process used to scientifically evaluate the safety, efficacy and quality of vaccines before they are approved for use in the wider population. The clinical trials of these vaccines included large numbers of people (often with 10,000 to 20,000 individuals in the active vaccine arms), but even in trials of this size it was statistically unlikely that such very rare events would be detected. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. After approval, batches may also undergo evaluation by individual national regulatory authorities to ensure they meet national requirements, before they can be supplied. Intervencin educative en el tiempo de patio en un centro escolar para mejorar aspectos relacionados con la salud y el bienestar de los alumnus. Sport Health Res. There are also differences in individual confidence in national safety monitoring systems. ICMRA brings together the heads of 38 medicines regulatory authorities* from every region in the world, with the WHO as an observer. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). In addition, where a new safety issue is identified regulators communicate this to health care professionals and consumers through alerts on their websites and through social media. Reporting of all relevant events helps regulators assess the possible role of the vaccine in causing the adverse event and assists in identifying safety issues relating to newly introduced vaccines. It is important to remember that World Health Organization (2010, 2019b) recommends a minimum of 1 h/day of moderatevigorous PA in children, but that only one-third of children exceed these recommendations (Salas-Snchez et al., 2020). eds A. They coincide with Clemente-Gonzlez (2016) project based on the grandparentgrandchild relationship and the promotion of identity, which seemed to be a premonition of what would happen with the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic that would force the disappearance of these relationships for a long time. (2014). The job of each regulator, often supported by independent committees of relevant medical experts together with vaccine manufacturers, is to review the cases and determine if there are potential safety signals with the vaccines. Promoting healthy behaviours among children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gripe Pandmica (H1N1) - Nota Informativa n 21. There is a special focus on monitoring safety in some groups of people that may not have been included in clinical trials or included as a small number, such as pregnant women, persons with severe pre-existing illness, older people, children, and in people also receiving vaccines for prevention of other diseases. Clear and consistent communication of evidence and uncertainties is therefore essential to support people in making the critical choice to be vaccinated. In addition, recent data shows that maternal COVID-19 vaccination is linked to a lower risk of still births, and that perinatal mortality was more than fourfold higher for women giving birth within 28 days of infection. This includes a focus on the development of vaccines and their regulatory review and safety monitoring. For updates on COVID-19 and public health advice to protect yourself from coronavirus, visit www.who.int and follow WHO on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, TikTok, Pinterest, Snapchat, YouTube, Twitch. It is worth noting the contribution of Maestre Maestre (2020), President of the Society for Latin Studies, in an article on the virus that has caused the pandemic, in which, playing with different related terms, he explains that the neutral noun virus means poison in Latin, so most current research is trying to find a medicine that will kill the virus. Q: Are COVID-19 vaccines safe in pregnancy? Regulators rigorously evaluate scientific and clinical evidence provided by vaccine manufacturers. Vaccinating as many people as possible and reducing the spread of disease is important. Of the nine articles analyzed because they met the characteristics of the search, three have been published in The Lancet, which began as an independent international weekly medical journal, founded in 1823 by Thomas Wakley. (2015) that deals with a more technical content, the extension of PRISMA for network meta-analysis, and the ones by Salvador (2008) and Clemente-Gonzlez (2016) that highlight the role of grandparents in children's lives. It has evolved into a family of journals including The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, in which one of the three articles cited appears. (2020). COVID-19 Early Epidemiologic and Clinical Investigations for Public Health Response. The occurrence of these adverse events is consistent with what is already known about the vaccines from clinical trials. doi: 10.1080/20473869.2020.1756115, *Zhang, J., Shuai, L., Yu, H., Wang, Z., Qiu, M., Lu, L., et al. It explains how vaccines undergo robust scientific evaluation to determine their safety, efficacy and quality and how safety is closely and continually monitored after approval. Q: What if many people start getting a reaction from a particular COVID-19 vaccine? World Health Organization (2010). Less information is available internationally about adverse events for other manufactured vaccines. They develop and deliver vaccination programmes, often working with their expert immunisation technical advisory committees. According to the Instituto de Salud Carlos, this may be the reason why medical research does not deal with children, but these subjects have special psychological, academic, and emotional characteristics at a stage of their lives when they are in full development, so from the educational point of view, it is necessary to find out how children have developed in their homes, what their parents think, and what future expectations experts, teachers, and psychologists have for them. A second dose of any vaccine should not be given to those people who have experienced anaphylaxis after the first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. These reactions usually pass in a day or two. At the same time, several studies have shown that COVID-19 infection can have very serious impacts on pregnancy outcomes in certain women, and that the benefits of receiving mRNA outweigh risks for pregnant women and their unborn children. Several countries have observed higher reporting rates of myocarditis with those vaccinated with the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine than the Pfizer vaccine, but the reported difference in rates has differed between studies and countries may be influenced by a variety of factors. Results: A total of nine manuscripts related to the psychological and motor factors in children under 12 have been found. When news of an epidemic began to spread in a Chinese city in early 2020, no one anticipated the scope of the epidemic for the entire world in a very short period. Fandino-Prez says that the pandemic has put us in front of the mirror to see a distorted and absurd image of the work of teachers as producers of programming and good results, which turns them and their students into a kind of machine. (2020) analyze the situation of children whose parents have been infected with the virus or have died; Zhang et al. While rare adverse events might not be recognised until after wide population use, based on both the current experience with COVID-19 vaccines and previous experience with other vaccines, most adverse events occur days to a few weeks of vaccination and will be identified in clinical trials. This shows the importance of continual safety monitoring during the use of these vaccines in real world setting, to allow very rare events to be detected and investigated further. Should the same type of vaccine be used for a booster as the original vaccine? Apart from information on the types of immune responses induced by the vaccine, companies must submit data from well-designed clinical trials to regulators to demonstrate that the vaccine prevents COVID-19. It was first reported in Wuhan (China) on December 31, 2019. (2015). 16:4394. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16224394, *Guan, H., Okely, A. D., Aguilar-Farias, N., Cruz, B., Draper, C. E., El Hamdoouchi, A., et al. The degree of agreement on the rating of the articles was 93%. Revista Internacional de Educacin para la Justicia Social. Does this mean that their safety and efficacy has been compromised? Myocarditis and pericarditis can occur after a booster dose, but this is so far reported to be more rare than after the primary doses. www.cochrane-handbook.org, Hutton, B., Salanti, G., Caldwell, D. M., Chaimani, A., Schmid, C. H., Cameron, C., et al. It is logical that the most vulnerable are children who do not understand what is happening and who, along with the concern and frustration of their elders, may present risk factors, such as anxiety and affective and post-traumatic stress disorders (Giallonardo et al., 2020).
16. J. Dev. Only three are earlier, the one by Hutton et al. A: As the global seriousness of the pandemic became rapidly apparent, development of effective vaccines for COVID-19 became the top priority of many pharmaceutical companies and medical research institutes. (2020). Each vaccine is thoroughly assessed for safety, efficacy and quality to determine whether it can be approved for use. *Correspondence: Dborah Sanabrias-Moreno, dsmoreno@ujaen.es, Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Psychoeducational Variables Involved in the Health Emergency, View all Received: 03 June 2020; Accepted: 27 August 2020; Published: 14 October 2020. GBS can occur when the immune system is activated and has been associated with infections, including SARS-CoV-2, and vaccines. A: A number of real world vaccine effectiveness studies have provided information on the duration of protection from different COVID-19 vaccines.
16. J. Dev. Only three are earlier, the one by Hutton et al. A: As the global seriousness of the pandemic became rapidly apparent, development of effective vaccines for COVID-19 became the top priority of many pharmaceutical companies and medical research institutes. (2020). Each vaccine is thoroughly assessed for safety, efficacy and quality to determine whether it can be approved for use. *Correspondence: Dborah Sanabrias-Moreno, dsmoreno@ujaen.es, Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Psychoeducational Variables Involved in the Health Emergency, View all Received: 03 June 2020; Accepted: 27 August 2020; Published: 14 October 2020. GBS can occur when the immune system is activated and has been associated with infections, including SARS-CoV-2, and vaccines. A: A number of real world vaccine effectiveness studies have provided information on the duration of protection from different COVID-19 vaccines.